Nigeria is rich is solid mineral resources, such as: Kaolin, gypsum, mica, clay, tantalite, iron ore, gemstone, silica sand.
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Recycling concrete &building rubble is not only able to bring profit to investors, but also good for environment protection.
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By absorbing the advanced technology from the world, we researched and designed PF series impact crusher.…
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Base on the plentiful experience of producing and marketing of impact crusher, Sofol R&D institution…
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Adopting technology from the world, PY Series spring cone crusher has an excellent performance in secondary…
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The vibrating screen is a kind of sieving equipment of international advanced level, developed by our…
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Sofol VSI Series vertical shaft impact crusher is designed by reputed German expert of Sofol and every…
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Ceramsite is a common building aggregate, with high strength, thermal insulation, and acid-alkali resistance [[26], [27], [28]].Ceramsite is composed of multiple oxides, such as Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, and SiO 2, which can be used to prepare construction materials, that is, bricks, fine aggregates in concrete and ceramic materials, or as filter media in reactors for the treatment of …
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The activation mechanism of typical bentonite powder with sulfuric acid was studied from variations in their surface area during the reaction. The surface area of activated samples at different activation temperatures and times were measured by methylene blue adsorption to quantify the effect of acid. The influence of activation time was ...
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In this study, the statistical design of the experimental method was applied on the acid activation process of bentonite with microwave irradiation. The influence of activation parameters (time, acid normality and microwave heating power) on the ... Isothermal sintering experiments showed that the sintering mechanism of non-doped and PEG+La(III ...
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Bentonite is a very significant non-metallic clay mineral, mainly composed of montmorillonite. Due to that montmorillonite possesses plenty of adsorption sites in its interlayer space, outer surface, and edges, bentonite shows excellent adsorption and swelling property, cation exchange ability and chemical and thermal stabilities.
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Meanwhile, the effect of environmental factors and interaction mechanism between bentonite-based composites and contaminants were also investigated. Finally, the conclusions and prospective of bentonite-based composites in the environmental remediation were proposed. ... The acid/alkaline washing is the common method for the activation of ...
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The reasons for this sensitivity to bentonite source are complex, subtle, and at present only partly understood. Montmorillonite Structure. ... Mechanism of Activation: The mobility of the cations in the montmorillonite structure (vide supra) and the susceptibility of structural ions in the octahedral layer to acid attack play key roles in the ...
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A layered composite of Fe 2 O 3-pillared bentonite (Fe-P-Bet), used as a catalyst in a Fenton-like process, was prepared and then its mechanical activation was studied in detail.The optimum conditions for preparation of Fe-P-Bet and the effects of mechanical activation on the catalytic activity of Fe-P-Bet were investigated systematically.
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The study of the kinetics of adsorption showed that decolorization of maize oil is a first-order process which occurs in two steps: a first fast step with higher activation energy (25.6 kJ mol −1), indicating the influence of a chemical interaction between the pigment and the clay surface, followed by a second slow step with low activation ...
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The H2SO4% by mass was changed from zero to 70 in the dry bentonite-acid mixture. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the crystallinity of calcium smectite (CaS) in the CaB with the 65% by mass decreases greatly by the acid activation. Dehydration mechanism of the CaS changes by the activation.
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The plausible mechanism/interaction for the adsorption of pesticide onto the clay is depicted in Fig. ... Similarly, bentonite activation is a complex phenomenon that involves …
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Baytar et al. (2018) studied removal of methylene blue by acid-activated bentonite and raw bentonite where the former was found more efficient than the later. Ding et al. (2018) reported better efficiency of …
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A reduction in peak intensity was observed after acid activation of bentonite by 5 M H 2 SO 4. ... Owing to the carboxyl group present in MES, it gets further esterified by the same mechanism leading to formation of DES, both occurring consecutively. DES formation is a consecutive reaction and can be confirmed from the fact that there is a ...
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Both the kinetics and theoretical mechanisms of this reaction have been reported in the past. However, some of the reported kinetic data was possibly collected under mass transfer limitations. ... And also, the effects of bentonite activation conditions were investigated and the catalyst prepared with unactivated bentonite was used as the ...
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Efficient removal of nitrate by three-dimensional electrocatalytic system with bentonite-based Cu-Ag particle electrode: Fabrication, process and mechanism ... the activation of H 2 by the Ag ... Finally, the possible reduction mechanism of nitrate in the 3D/E system was proposed. This work provides a new scheme for the effective reduction of ...
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ß-Carotene is the main carotenoid in vegetable oils, which can be removed by clay materials such as montmorillonite, activated clay and bentonite. The adsorption mechanism …
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Aiming at the damage of oil-based drilling fluid in oil well completion, Huo et al. [72] prepared bentonite solid particles with different surface wettability through the in situ activation ...
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The interaction mechanism of Hg(II) on activated bentonite was mostly hydrogen bond and complexation by sequential desorption (Fig. 6 F), whereas the complexation of Hg(II) on dithizone/bentonite was drastically increased due to the additional active sites form …
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The activation mechanism of typical bentonite powder with sulfuric acid was studied from variations in their surface area during the reaction. The surface area of activated …
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The acid activation of natural bentonite was performed by treatment with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations. The surface water pollutants removed by the modified bentonites are bemacid yellow E-4G and reactive MX-4R dyes, and fungicide chlorothalinil. ... Zhou Q, He HP, Zhu JX, Shen W, Frost RL, Yuan P, Mechanism of p …
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Activation of Fe 3 O 4 /bentonite through anchoring of highly dispersed and photo-reduced Cu ions for higher pH fenton-like degradation and effective adsorption of Congo red dye. ... For that, Cu(II) ions were first chelated by surface heteroatoms of FB (in addition to the ion exchange mechanism), followed by photoinduced reduction to Cu(I).
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The activation process of GGBS begins with the destruction of its chemical bonds (i.e., Si-O, Al-O, and Si-O-Al), ... The present work focuses on the engineering properties and reaction mechanisms of MgO-GGBS-bentonite-soil mixtures targeting cutoff wall applications. The results apparently show that this novel backfill material satisfies both ...
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Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15,16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) [17, 18] and other acids [19,20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as ...
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The kinetic results indicated that the activation mechanism in presence of sodium carbonate is controlled by density of active sites. The optimum activation time was ... the influence of particle size of starting bentonite on activation process in presence of sodium carbonate has been investigated and the kinetic parameters were estimated based ...
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Industrialization has caused a significant global issue with cadmium (Cd) pollution. In this study, Biochar (Bc), generated through initial pyrolysis of rice straw, underwent thorough mixing with magnetized bentonite clay, followed by activation with KOH and subsequent pyrolysis. Consequently, a magnetized bentonite modified rice straw biochar (Fe 3 O 4 @B …
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The Cu-Ag/Bent was prepared by sodium borohydride-based liquid-phase method through simultaneous reduction of Cu 2+ and Ag + according to the existing research [11,437].The experimental schematic of the preparation process is shown in Fig. 1 (a).First, an amount of purified bentonite was mixed with 50 mL of deionized water, and then the mixture …
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Briefly, bentonite-based bismuth ferrite (BiFe/Bent for short) was firstly prepared via sol-gel method [27], and then A-BiFe/Bent was obtained through the mechanical activation of BiFe/Bent under the optimal activation conditions that have been obtained in the previous work [29]. Finally, A-BiFe/Bent used as catalyst was obtained for the ...
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2.4.. Preparation of bentonite saturated with Cu at different pHAccording to the method of Ma and Uren (1998), bentonite (10 g) was saturated with copper ions by shaking for 4 h with 50 mL of 0.1 mol L − 1 CuCl 2 solutions and centrifuged, and then the supernatant was decanted. The residue was washed twice for 1 h each time with 25 mL of de-ionized water.
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Similarly, bentonite activation is a complex phenomenon that involves the substitution of exchangeable cations, Al 3+, Mg 2+, and Fe 2+ against protons from the …
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There are discussions in the literature about the factors that influence the sodium activation process and about the effect of this process on the properties of the activated bentonite, such as the activation mechanism (cation exchange diffusion), ageing time, initial moisture content of the bentonite, Na 2 CO 3 dosage, viscosity of the ...
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Bentonite from Kirkuk city region (Iraq) was activated with H2SO4 at various ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Due to ion exchange, the original (Ca, Mg, Na, K)-bentonite was converted to H-bentonite by ...
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During the reaction, the surface area of bentonite increases due to decomposition of smectite structure. The most significant mechanism in the activation of natural bentonite is cation exchange by H+ ions. During the activation process, a considerable amount of cations are substituted by hydrogen cations, which increases the specific surface area.
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Herein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic secondary pesticides, ametryn and ...
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However, for bentonite modified material the mechanism of adsorption changed to monolayer adsorption of phosphate. For an adsorbent dose 4 g/L maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of non-modified biochar increased after Mg 2+ or bentonite modification from 32.5 mg/g to 58.8 mg/g and 41 mg/g, respectively, while for a dose of 2 g/L it was ...
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The adsorption mechanism, which has been reported to occur partly by ion exchange releasing cations in the interlayer and basal plane surfaces, and partially via non-columbic interaction between the bentonite surface neutralized site and the adsorbed cation, is greatly governed by the changing surface polarity, compression layer, or ionic ...
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Bt-loaded nZVI is widely used for the removal of various organic pollutants such as Cr(VI), tetracycline and phenol. Diao et al. explored the use of bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (B-nZVI) as a catalyst for the activation of persulfate (PS) to achieve the concurrent elimination of Cr(VI).
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