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As the basic unit of iron ore sintering bed, the combustion behavior of quasi-particles significantly impacts the sintering process. Adding biomass char leads to the deterioration of sintering quality, which was originally for the reduction of carbon emission.
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The behaviour of iron ores and fluxes in the high temperature zone of a sintering bed is extremely complex. Following a review of current knowledge, an attempt is made to define relevant terminology to describe the processes that occur in this part of the bed. A deformation temperature is used to quantify the initial formation of melt, which is produced predominantly …
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to Sahoo K. C. et al., the use of very fine particles of iron ore has an influence on sinter strength.6) 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials and Methods Raw materials like iron ore fines from stock yard as well as beneficiation plant classifier product, limestone, dolo-mite, coke breeze, sinter return fines and calcined lime were
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The granulation behavior of iron ores is essential for subsequent parameter optimization and efficient granulation, especially under changing material conditions. In this …
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to Sahoo K. C. et al., the use of very fine particles of iron ore has an influence on sinter strength.6) 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials and Methods Raw materials like iron ore fines from …
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fixed generation sources of PM, and especially the iron ore sintering process occupies more than 40% of the total value.3) Generally, electrostatic precipitators (EP) have been equipped in the sintering machines, but the extraction ratio of PM2.5 by EP is not usually sufficient.4) There have been several reports on the composition of
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Sinter is the most common blast furnace burden material used in integrated steelworks throughout the world. The sintering process is carried out by mixing iron ore with other additives(e.g. fluxes, re-circulated materials, etc) and correcting the blend moisture by adding water in the mix as shown in Fig. 1.As process fuel, coke fines (<5 mm, 3–5 wt%) is …
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World resources are estimated to be greater than 800 billion tons of crude ore containing more than 230 billion tons of iron. The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.
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Sintering is an important process used to produce a lumpy iron-bearing feed for the blast furnace (e.g. Ball, 1973, Venkataramana et al., 1999, Zandi et al., 2010).Fine iron ores, typically minus 6 mm, together with a range of fluxes (limestone and MgO-bearing minerals) and coke breeze are blended and placed on a strand which can be over 100 m in length (e.g. …
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Coke breeze is the main heat source in sintering process. Its combustion yields enough amounts of heat which melts the sinter mix. One of the factors that significantly affect the course of coke breeze combustion is its grain size [1,2,3].It is known that fine-grained coke reduces permeability of the sinter mix and the use of coke breeze with particle size below 1 …
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Nowadays, as the demand for iron ore increases together with the depletion of high grade ore deposits, mining companies have been investing to produce iron ore concentrates, such as pellet feeds (95% lower than 0.15 mm) with low level of contaminants.It is well-known that its lower particle size negatively affects the permeability of the sintering process, restricting its …
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2. Reductant for iron ore sintering. Fuel is a combustible substance whose main constituent is carbon which on burning gives a large amount of heat which can be used economically for domestic and industrial use. During combustion, carbon, hydrogen, and …
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In iron ore sintering, the granulation process is the first and an important step. As the fine particles adhere to the coarse coke particles, the NOx emission generated from coke combustion may be ...
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Most of the iron ore particles are naturally porous. Several studies have noted that the more porous ores generally require a larger amount of liquid for granulation than the non-porous ores [12], [13], [14]. The regimes of the pores in the iron ore particle can be assumed into two general types: the open pores and the closed pores.
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Iron ore pellets are superior to iron ore lumps in the subsequent iron making processes such as Blast furnace, DR furnace etc. Iron ore pellets with a nominal 64- 67% Fe, uniform porosity and better size help in faster reduction and higher metallization …
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One of the recent areas of progress for better energy utilisation in iron ore sintering process is the distribution pattern of the fuel inside a macroparticle, which is formed with fine particles of iron ore, coke and limestone. Operational parameters for large scale industrial facilities, such as iron ore sintering plant, are commonly selected ...
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Sintering is one of the most crucial components in the steelmaking industry. Raw Materials Used In Sinter Production. Iron Ore Fines: These finely crushed iron particles provide the sintering process with the much-needed Iron Oxide and serve as the primary source of iron in the final sinter product.
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It was shown that after granulation the −0.25 mm coke breeze particles adhered to nuclei constituted by other sintering raw materials or served as a component of granules composed of mixed fine particles with homogeneous composition. Conversely, +0.5 mm coke breeze particles acted as nuclei to which fine particles of other materials adhered.
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Keywords: Iron ore, Pellet feed, Roller press, Specific surface, Sintering pot test a) Isotherms of adsorption-desorption with N 2 at 77 K of the pellet feeds A, B and C; (b) pore …
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Prior to dispatch of sinter to the blast furnace for hot metal production, the sinter product from the sinter cooler is screened to remove smaller/finer particles. The undersize so generated is called internal return fines, which are generally recirculated into the sintering machine. A very high level of internal return fines generation limits the use of ore for …
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The sintering process is a well-established process in use at integrated steel making plants. It consists of an agglomeration through an oxidizing/reducing fusion of iron ore fines (sinter feed) and fluxing agents (lime, limestone, etc.) as well as re-circulated materials (dust, sludge, etc.) at temperatures between 1200 °C to 1400 ° C. A carbon based solid fuel is …
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In an iron ore sintering bed, the combustion behaviour of coke particles together with velocity of the flowing gas stream determines the temperature, width and speed of the traversing flame front. A bed heat treatment mathematical model was formulated in an earlier study to describe this complex relationship. An area of improvement in the model is the …
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Chin-Lu Mo et al. [5] used sugar as the binding enhancer to increase the viscosity of water in iron ore sinter granules, more water was on the surface of nuclear particles (+1 mm particles) and available for granulation, the thickness of adhering layer of granules was increased, coarser granules would improve the bed permeability and increase ...
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The sintering process is an intricate system with a protracted process flow. The steps in the manufacturing line are primarily composed of the ingredients and mixing process, the sintering operation process, and the treatment of the sintered ore [39, 40].2.2 Important parameters and characteristics of sintering process. As shown in Fig. 2, all variables affecting …
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History of sintering of iron ore. ... owing to the agitation of the ore particles, caused by the upward rushing currents of air. The unsintered material required re-treatment and the large masses of nonporous, thoroughly …
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Iron ore fluxed sinter is the main ferrous burden of Jindal south west steel limited (JSWSL) blast furnaces. In sinter plant fluxes including limestone and dolomite are added to improve the sinter properties of iron ore and to provide an appropriate slag composition of the blast furnace. The raw material grain size affects the sinter process considerably because the …
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fixed generation sources of PM, and especially the iron ore sintering process occupies more than 40% of the total value.3) Generally, electrostatic precipitators (EP) have been equipped in …
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Coke is the most widely used solid fuel in iron ore sintering. Generally coke is blended with the other sinter mix components dry before granulation. ... When the fine coke particles were well-embedded into granules their combustion rate was decreased; this broadened the width of the coke combustion zone resulting in lower sinter productivity.
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In this research, coke breeze is used as fuel, and its particle size distribution and water absorption performance are listed in Table 1, where the water absorption capacity is expressed by the maximum molecular water, which is measured by the centrifugation method.The coke breeze is distributed by the sieving method in the range of 0–8 mm, of which the …
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Process objective is to transform fine iron ore concentrate into pellets suitable to feed Blast Furnace or Direct Reduction plant or COREX. Pelletisation was invented to make use of Blue dust and ultra fine concentrate generated in the Iron ore beneficiation plants. Pellets have the benefit of lower gangue on account of
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Conceivable fine particles that may be contained in ex-haust gases from sintering machines are iron ore dust and alkaline fine particles, but few studies have been reported on the analysis of clean exhaust gases screened with elec-tric precipitators. To determine which substances cause vis-ible smoke in exhaust gases from a sintering plant ...
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The results suggest that the developed method is effective for predicting the granulation of iron ore mixtures. Keywords: iron ores; granulation; particle size distribution; sintering 1. …
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The particle size distribution of the mixture after granulation at four different speeds is as shown in Fig. 5.As the rotation speed of granulation increases, the median particle size D (50) of the granules increases, the average particle size increases. As the rotational speed is 70 rev. min −1, the granules have very low content of fine powders, uniformity of particle size …
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Abstract. Iron ore granulation is an indispensable process in the production of sinter that can influence and regulate the yield, efficiency and quality. Although a great deal of research has …
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1. Introduction. In the metallurgical ironmaking process, sinter is the main raw materials fed into the blast furnace to produce molten iron. To produce sinter, iron ore fines …
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The use of hematite pellet feed in sintering process is a good alternative to improve the chemical composition due to the high iron content and a lower level of …
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Iron ore granulation is an indispensable process in the production of sinter that can influence and regulate the yield, efficiency and quality.
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Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described to identify the key ...
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